Index Price Oracle and Weights

Kuma sources index prices from Pyth Network with 2 second update frequency. Pyth prices are cryptographically verified on chain by the exchange smart contract.

Kuma also operates a first-party index price collection service for redundancy. If Pyth data is unavailable or stale, Kuma automatically falls back to internal index pricing data. Kuma sources prices from high-volume spot exchanges, uses the median of best ask, best bid, and last trade price as the source price, discards any data points greater than 10% away from the median of sources, and computes the weighted mean of the remaining values. Markets quoted in anything other than USD, for example USDT, are corrected for the quote value. These values are signed in hardware at collection and are verified on chain by the exchange smart contract.

Internal Index Price Sources and Weights

BTC-USD

Binance	BTC-USDT	45.6%
Bybit	BTC-USDT	11.6%
Coinbase	BTC-USD	16.1%
Gateio	BTC-USDT	9.2%
Kraken	BTC-USD	3.6%
OKX	BTC-USDT	13.9%

ETH-USD

Binance	ETH-USDT	41.9%
Bybit	ETH-USDT	13.78%
Coinbase	ETH-USD	12.71%
Gateio	ETH-USDT	11.37%
Kraken	ETH-USD	3.45%
OKX	ETH-USDT	16.79%

SOL-USD

Binance	SOL-USDT	55%
Bybit	SOL-USDT	8.92%
Coinbase	SOL-USD	15.41%
Gateio	SOL-USDT	3.49%
Kraken	SOL-USD	7%
OKX	SOL-USDT	10.18%